Acid base theories viz. all three definitions and examples
Identify an acid base reaction from a reaction, attribute it to one or more of the theories
Identify conjugate acid base pairs, identify Lewis acids and bases from examples
Difference between dilute and concentrated acids
Difference between strong and weak acids, bases, suitable examples needs to be known
Difference between and examples of polyprotic acids
Stage wise ionisation of polyprotic acids and equilibrium expressions for each step eg. Ka1, ka2 etc.
Dissociation constants like Kw, Ka, Kb. Relation between them, ability to write expressions representing them.
Percent ionization and how it can be used to determine pH of acidic solutions
Relation between pH, pOH, pKw, ability to convert [H+] to pH and vice versa
pH of acids, pH of bases, pH of buffers, Hendersen – Hasslebach equations
Hydrolysis, predicting hydrolysis based on the presence of strong conjugate bases and strong conjugate acids
Titration problems, predicting pH of solutions obtained by mixing acids and bases, determining the limiting reagent and arriving at the pH of the resulting solutions.
Determination of pH of weak acids and bases using Ka and Kb
Ability to write Ka and Kb for hydrolysis of strong conjugate acids and strong conjugate bases pick an example for each and practice
How would you predict the pH change of a solution obtained, if the salt that is dissolved in water is capable of undergoing both acidic and basic hydrolysis?
Graphing, pH Vs Volume and prediction of equivalence point and end point for strong acid vs strong base, strong acid vs weak base, weak base vs strong acid.
Theories of indicators, how would your pick an indicator, rationale behind picking an indicator.
Difference Equivalence point and End point
How would it be possible to determine Ka of weak acid from pH Vs Volume graph?
Buffers, definition, how to prepare acidic buffers, basic buffers, calculate pH of buffers, predicting masses of salts required to prepare a buffered solution of a specific pH.
What would be the criteria for picking a weak acid or base while preparing a buffer of a specific pH?
Titration curves, first derivatives, second derivatives, determination of equivalence point, explaining hydrolysis/buffering in the graphs.
pH of solutions containing both acid and base, equal moles of acids and base, pH when the acid is the limiting reagent, pH when a base is the limiting reaction. May involve weak acid strong base, strong acid weak base, or weak acid and weak base.
Predicting pH of a solution is it contains both strong conjugate acid and strong conjugate base. Ka and Kb may be provided.